Peptide Directory
Every peptide we cover, A–Z. Each guide summarizes the published research, mechanism, safety, and legal status — neutrally and with references.
Every peptide we cover, A–Z. Each guide summarizes the published research, mechanism, safety, and legal status — neutrally and with references.
A PTH-related protein analog and FDA-approved anabolic drug (Tymlos) that stimulates new bone formation in people with osteoporosis at high fracture risk.
Read the guide →A soluble activin receptor (ActRIIB-Fc) that acts as a “trap” for myostatin and related factors to build muscle — but whose clinical development was halted over vascular safety signals.
Read the guide →An experimental “fat-targeted proapoptotic peptide” designed to kill the blood supply of white fat tissue — dramatic in animal studies but flagged for kidney toxicity.
Read the guide →An α-MSH analog (originally “Melanotan I”) that is FDA-approved as Scenesse to increase pain-free light exposure in adults with the rare disorder erythropoietic protoporphyria.
Read the guide →The body's natural melanocortin hormone — central to skin pigmentation, inflammation, and appetite — and the biology that synthetic analogs like melanotan and bremelanotide (PT-141) are designed to imitate.
Read the guide →An investigational unimolecular GLP-1 and amylin receptor dual agonist studied for obesity, notable for early trials in both oral and injectable forms.
Read the guide →A modified fragment of human growth hormone (residues 176–191) developed as an anti-obesity drug — but human trials did not show meaningful weight loss.
Read the guide →A peptide derived from the tissue-protective region of erythropoietin (EPO) — without EPO's red-blood-cell effects — studied in trials for neuropathic pain and small-fiber neuropathy.
Read the guide →A topical cosmetic peptide marketed as a needle-free alternative to Botox, studied for softening expression lines by reducing facial muscle contraction.
Read the guide →A long-acting amylin analog studied for weight management, notably in combination with semaglutide (“CagriSema”) — an investigational, non-incretin approach to appetite control.
Read the guide →A peptide hormone that lowers blood calcium and slows bone breakdown; the salmon form (Miacalcin, Fortical) is FDA-approved for osteoporosis, Paget's disease, and hypercalcemia.
Read the guide →A long-acting analog of oxytocin used to prevent postpartum hemorrhage after delivery; approved in many countries (and available as a heat-stable formulation), though not FDA-approved in the US.
Read the guide →A short “peptide bioregulator” (Ala-Glu-Asp-Arg) from the Khavinson research line, proposed to support cardiac tissue and studied mainly in Russian models.
Read the guide →A dipeptide concentrated in muscle and brain, studied for buffering exercise fatigue, anti-glycation, and antioxidant effects — though muscle levels are usually raised through its precursor, beta-alanine.
Read the guide →A peptide preparation derived from pig brain tissue, used in several countries for stroke, traumatic brain injury, and dementia — with a mixed and debated evidence base.
Read the guide →A GnRH receptor antagonist and FDA-approved drug (Cetrotide) used during IVF to prevent a premature LH surge and early ovulation.
Read the guide →A growth-hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog engineered for a longer half-life, studied for sustained elevation of GH and IGF-1.
Read the guide →A polypeptide preparation extracted from animal cerebral cortex, used in Russia and nearby countries for stroke, brain injury, and cognitive conditions.
Read the guide →A short neuroprotective peptide derived from activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP), studied for tau-related neurodegeneration and cognition.
Read the guide →A GnRH antagonist (Firmagon), FDA-approved for advanced prostate cancer, that lowers testosterone rapidly without the initial flare seen with GnRH agonists.
Read the guide →A small peptide derived from angiotensin IV, studied in animal models for promoting new synapse formation and cognitive enhancement, with potency attributed to the HGF/c-Met system.
Read the guide →A naturally occurring neuropeptide named for early reports of sleep-promoting effects, studied for sleep, stress resilience, and pain — but still poorly characterized.
Read the guide →A once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist, FDA-approved for type 2 diabetes and shown to reduce cardiovascular events.
Read the guide →An investigational long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist studied for obesity and type 2 diabetes, with development advancing notably in China.
Read the guide →A long-acting, exendin-based GLP-1 receptor agonist that reduced cardiovascular and kidney events in a major trial; approved in some countries but not by the FDA.
Read the guide →A 36-amino-acid peptide and the first HIV fusion inhibitor (Fuzeon), FDA-approved to block HIV-1 from entering host cells in treatment-experienced patients.
Read the guide →A synthetic tetrapeptide developed in Russia and researched for telomerase activation, pineal gland regulation, and longevity — largely in early and animal studies.
Read the guide →A GLP-1 receptor agonist derived from exendin-4 (originally from Gila monster venom) — one of the first incretin drugs, FDA-approved for type 2 diabetes.
Read the guide →A naturally occurring protein that binds and inhibits myostatin — a brake on muscle growth — making it a major target in muscle-wasting research, mostly via gene therapy.
Read the guide →An experimental “senolytic” peptide designed to selectively kill senescent (aged, non-dividing) cells, famous for a mouse study showing restored fitness — but entirely preclinical.
Read the guide →A naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide that declines with age and is widely used in cosmetic skincare for its collagen and skin-repair signaling.
Read the guide →One of the original synthetic growth-hormone-releasing peptides (a ghrelin-receptor agonist), studied since the early 1990s for stimulating the body's own GH but now overshadowed by newer GHRPs.
Read the guide →A growth-hormone-releasing peptide (as “pralmorelin”) used in some countries as a diagnostic agent for growth-hormone deficiency, and studied for GH release and appetite.
Read the guide →An early growth-hormone-releasing peptide (ghrelin mimetic) notable for strongly stimulating appetite alongside GH release.
Read the guide →A random polypeptide mixture of four amino acids and an FDA-approved immunomodulator (Copaxone) for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
Read the guide →The body's main counter-regulatory peptide hormone — it raises blood sugar, is FDA-approved as an emergency treatment for severe hypoglycemia, and its receptor is now a deliberate target of newer weight-loss drugs.
Read the guide →The body's “master antioxidant” — a naturally occurring tripeptide central to cellular defense, studied for oxidative stress, immune function, metabolic health, and (controversially) skin lightening.
Read the guide →Synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) that stimulates the pituitary to release LH and FSH — historically an approved agent for diagnosis and fertility, and used by some clinicians during testosterone therapy.
Read the guide →A GnRH agonist delivered as a long-acting subcutaneous implant (Zoladex), FDA-approved for prostate cancer, certain breast cancers, and endometriosis.
Read the guide →A potent growth-hormone-releasing peptide (ghrelin mimetic) that also shows direct cardiovascular activity in research, but tends to cause receptor desensitization with continued use.
Read the guide →A GnRH agonist delivered as a once-yearly subcutaneous implant, FDA-approved for central precocious puberty (Supprelin LA) and prostate cancer (Vantas).
Read the guide →A mitochondrial-derived peptide with cytoprotective properties, studied for neuroprotection (including Alzheimer's models), metabolism, and links to longevity.
Read the guide →A bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist peptide, FDA-approved (as Firazyr) to treat acute attacks of hereditary angioedema.
Read the guide →A long-acting analog of insulin-like growth factor 1, sold primarily as a cell-culture lab reagent and used illicitly in bodybuilding despite serious safety concerns.
Read the guide →The body's essential blood-sugar-lowering peptide hormone and the original life-saving peptide medicine — produced today as recombinant human insulin and many engineered analogs for diabetes.
Read the guide →A selective growth-hormone secretagogue (a ghrelin-receptor agonist) studied for stimulating the body's own GH release with relatively few off-target effects.
Read the guide →A neuropeptide that is a master regulator of reproductive hormones, studied for fertility disorders and, more recently, sexual and emotional brain processing.
Read the guide →A tripeptide fragment of α-MSH studied for anti-inflammatory effects, particularly in the gut and skin, without α-MSH's pigmentation activity.
Read the guide →An oral peptide that regulates intestinal tight junctions (“leaky gut”), studied most for celiac disease — it reached Phase 3, though that trial did not meet its primary endpoint.
Read the guide →A GnRH agonist and widely used FDA-approved drug (Lupron) that, with continuous dosing, suppresses sex hormones — used in prostate cancer, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and central precocious puberty.
Read the guide →A minimally absorbed guanylate cyclase-C agonist peptide, FDA-approved (as Linzess) for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and chronic idiopathic constipation.
Read the guide →A once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist, FDA-approved for type 2 diabetes (Victoza) and weight management (Saxenda) — an important predecessor to semaglutide.
Read the guide →A once-daily, exendin-based GLP-1 receptor agonist, FDA-approved for type 2 diabetes, with a strong focus on lowering post-meal glucose.
Read the guide →The body's main cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, central to innate immunity and wound healing — but with a complex, context-dependent (and sometimes harmful) biology.
Read the guide →A line of topical cosmetic “matrikine” peptides (e.g., palmitoyl pentapeptide-4) that signal the skin to produce collagen, used widely in anti-aging serums.
Read the guide →An investigational GLP-1 and glucagon receptor dual agonist (an oxyntomodulin analog) studied for obesity and diabetes, with late-stage trials concentrated in China.
Read the guide →A synthetic melanocortin agonist researched for skin tanning and, secondarily, libido — but with notable safety concerns and no approval.
Read the guide →A splice variant of IGF-1 (IGF-1Ec) produced by muscle in response to mechanical stress, studied for activating muscle stem cells and repair.
Read the guide →A mitochondrial-derived peptide studied as a metabolic regulator and “exercise mimetic,” with effects on insulin sensitivity in animal models.
Read the guide →A GnRH agonist delivered as a nasal spray (Synarel), FDA-approved for endometriosis and central precocious puberty.
Read the guide →A proline-containing dipeptide nootropic developed in Russia, studied for memory, neuroprotection, and mild cognitive complaints — and used there clinically.
Read the guide →A small neurotrophic compound derived from a region of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), studied in animal models for promoting neurogenesis and protecting against neurodegeneration.
Read the guide →A pegylated (longer-lasting) version of Mechano Growth Factor (MGF), intended to extend MGF's muscle-repair signaling in the bloodstream.
Read the guide →An investigational dual GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist studied for obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH).
Read the guide →A short “peptide bioregulator” (Glu-Asp-Arg) from the Khavinson research line, studied for brain function, neuroprotection, and age-related decline.
Read the guide →A guanylate cyclase-C agonist peptide (Trulance), FDA-approved for chronic idiopathic constipation and IBS with constipation, designed to mimic the natural hormone uroguanylin.
Read the guide →A synthetic analog of the hormone amylin, FDA-approved (as Symlin) as a mealtime add-on to insulin for diabetes, with modest appetite and weight effects.
Read the guide →A melanocortin receptor agonist and, as bremelanotide (Vyleesi), an FDA-approved treatment for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women.
Read the guide →A gastrointestinal hormone, available as a diagnostic agent (ChiRhoStim), used to assess pancreatic function and gastrin-secreting tumors — and famously studied, then refuted, as an autism treatment.
Read the guide →A synthetic peptide based on the immune fragment tuftsin, developed in Russia as an anxiolytic and studied for anxiety, mood, and cognition.
Read the guide →A GLP-1 receptor agonist and one of the most clinically validated peptides in this encyclopedia — FDA-approved for type 2 diabetes and chronic weight management.
Read the guide →A neuropeptide developed in Russia (related to ACTH(4-10)) and used there clinically, studied for cognition, neuroprotection, and stroke recovery.
Read the guide →A GHRH analog (the first 29 amino acids of GHRH) historically FDA-approved for assessing growth-hormone secretion, now commonly compounded for “anti-aging” use.
Read the guide →An MC4-receptor agonist and FDA-approved drug (Imcivree) for chronic weight management in specific rare genetic obesity disorders.
Read the guide →A topical cosmetic peptide (acetyl octapeptide-3) marketed as an extended, refined relative of Argireline for softening expression wrinkles.
Read the guide →A mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide that binds cardiolipin to support mitochondrial function, studied (as elamipretide) for mitochondrial diseases, heart failure, and certain eye conditions.
Read the guide →An investigational dual glucagon and GLP-1 receptor agonist studied for obesity and for metabolic liver disease (MASH/NASH).
Read the guide →A synthetic peptide related to Thymosin Beta-4, an actin-binding protein involved in cell migration and tissue repair.
Read the guide →A GLP-2 receptor agonist and FDA-approved drug (Gattex) that promotes intestinal growth and absorption in people with short bowel syndrome.
Read the guide →A recombinant fragment of parathyroid hormone (PTH 1–34) and FDA-approved anabolic drug (Forteo) that builds new bone in people with osteoporosis at high fracture risk.
Read the guide →A growth-hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog and FDA-approved drug (Egrifta) for reducing excess abdominal fat in people with HIV-associated lipodystrophy.
Read the guide →A thymus-derived peptide preparation studied — largely in Russia — for restoring immune balance and as part of peptide bioregulation research on aging.
Read the guide →A simple synthetic dipeptide (glutamyl-tryptophan) developed in Russia as an immunomodulator, used there for immune support during infections.
Read the guide →A synthetic pentapeptide corresponding to the active site of the thymic hormone thymopoietin, studied and marketed in some countries as an immunomodulator.
Read the guide →A naturally occurring thymic peptide that modulates immune function, approved in some countries (as Zadaxin) for hepatitis and as a vaccine adjuvant.
Read the guide →The full naturally occurring 43-amino-acid protein that regulates actin and tissue repair — the parent molecule that the popular “TB-500” is a fragment/analog of.
Read the guide →A zinc-dependent thymic hormone (a nonapeptide) involved in T-cell maturation, studied for immune regulation, inflammation, and pain.
Read the guide →A first-in-class dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist that produced some of the largest weight-loss results recorded in obesity trials.
Read the guide →A GnRH agonist given as a depot injection (Trelstar, Decapeptyl), used for advanced prostate cancer, central precocious puberty, and endometriosis.
Read the guide →A short “peptide bioregulator” (Lys-Glu-Asp) from the Khavinson research line, proposed to support the vascular system and studied mainly in Russian models.
Read the guide →A short dipeptide bioregulator (Lys-Glu) from the Khavinson research line, studied — largely in Russia — for immune and thymic regulation and aging.
Read the guide →A 28-amino-acid neuropeptide with vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory, and immune-regulating roles; its synthetic form (aviptadil) has been investigated for lung conditions such as ARDS.
Read the guide →